This course explores the foundational theories of ethics and their application in leadership and professionalism. It examines the interplay between ethics and legalism, emphasizing ethical principles in public governance. Through a historical lens, the course analyzes African leadership practices in pre- and post-colonial contexts to highlight strategies for promoting accountability. Key topics include decentralization theories, local governance for accountability, democratic management approaches, and human rights-based leadership. The course also addresses affirmative action as a tool for driving change and fostering organizational growth, equipping participants with the skills to lead ethically and inclusively